Houthis Close the Red Sea — Anti-Ship Missiles Disrupt Global Shipping Routes

Middle East March 6, 2026 3 min read

Two Chokepoints Under Iranian Influence

The Houthi movement in Yemen has opened a second front in the economic war, launching anti-ship missiles and drones at commercial vessels transiting the Red Sea's Bab el-Mandeb strait. Combined with Iran's Hormuz disruption, the Axis of Resistance now threatens approximately 35% of global oil transit through two critical chokepoints.

Houthi Capabilities

The Houthis' maritime arsenal, supplied by Iran, has proven more capable than many analysts anticipated. Their weapons inventory includes anti-ship ballistic missiles capable of striking vessels at ranges exceeding 200 km, anti-ship cruise missiles, and swarms of Shahed-136 one-way attack drones.

US Navy destroyers in the Red Sea have been consuming SM-2 and SM-6 interceptors to defend against Houthi attacks — each costing $2-5 million to defeat a drone that costs $20,000. This asymmetric cost-exchange ratio represents a strategic win for Iran regardless of the tactical outcome.

Shipping Industry Impact

Major container lines — Maersk, MSC, CMA CGM — have suspended Red Sea transits, rerouting via the Cape of Good Hope. This adds 10-14 days to Asia-Europe shipping, increases fuel costs by $1-2 million per voyage, and reduces effective global container capacity by approximately 15% (more ships needed for longer routes).

The economic cascade extends from oil prices to consumer goods: everything from electronics to food that transits these waterways faces delays and cost increases. Monitor shipping disruptions on our Naval Tab.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are the Houthis attacking ships in the Red Sea?

The Houthis (Ansar Allah) are an Iranian-backed proxy group in Yemen. They are attacking commercial shipping in the Red Sea and Bab el-Mandeb strait as part of Iran's broader strategy to disrupt global trade and impose economic costs on countries supporting the coalition. See our <a href='/actors/houthis/'>Houthi Movement Profile</a>.

What weapons are the Houthis using against ships?

The Houthis employ Iranian-supplied anti-ship ballistic missiles, anti-ship cruise missiles, and <a href='/weapons/shahed-136/'>Shahed-136 one-way attack drones</a>. Their arsenal also includes the Toufan-2 ballistic missile capable of reaching Israel at 1,900+ km range. See our <a href='/guide/houthi-missile-capabilities/'>Houthi missile capabilities</a> analysis.

How much global trade goes through the Red Sea?

Approximately 12-15% of global trade transits the Red Sea via the Suez Canal. Combined with the Strait of Hormuz disruption, Iran and its proxies now threaten approximately 35% of global oil transit through two chokepoints. Read our <a href='/impact/hormuz-blockade-economic-impact/'>economic impact analysis</a>.

Related Intelligence Topics

Houthi Movement Profile Shipping Insurance Crisis Proxy Warfare Explained SM-6 Interceptor Profile Shahed-136 Attack Drone CIA Operations Profile
HouthisRed SeaShippingAnti-Ship MissilesYemenBab el-MandebIran Proxy