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Arrow 2 vs Ghadr-110: Cost-Exchange Ratio & Combat Analysis

Compare 2026-03-21 3 min read

Overview

This analysis compares the Arrow 2, a Israel Endo-atmo BMD system costing $3.0M per unit, against the Ghadr-110, an Iranian Extended Shahab costing $850K per unit. The cost-exchange ratio of 3.5:1 favors the attacker — meaning it costs the defender 3.5x more to intercept than the missile cost Iran to produce. At Operation Epic Fury burn rates of 1.5/day, the Arrow 2 inventory of 85 units faces depletion in approximately 56 days. Endo-atmospheric interceptor for medium-range ballistic missiles, combat-proven Extended-range Shahab-3 derivative with improved guidance, 2,000km range

Side-by-Side Specifications

DimensionArrow 2Ghadr 110
Unit Cost $3.0M $850K
Cost-Exchange Ratio 3.5:1 3.5:1
Range Endo-atmo BMD 2000 km
Inventory ~85 ~300
Annual Production 25/yr
Role Endo-atmo BMD Extended Shahab
Manufacturer IAI + Boeing Iran / IRGC
Fuel Solid rocket

Head-to-Head Analysis

Cost-Exchange Economics

The Arrow 2 costs $3.0M per unit while the Ghadr-110 costs just $850K, creating a 3.5:1 cost-exchange ratio. Unfavorable for the defender. The attacker has significant cost advantage.
The Ghadr-110 has a 3.5:1 cost advantage over the Arrow 2. This asymmetry is a key factor in the conflict's economic sustainability.

Inventory & Depletion

Coalition forces have approximately 85 Arrow 2 interceptors with annual production of 25 units. Iran maintains an estimated 300 Ghadr-110 units. At Operation Epic Fury burn rates of 1.5/day, the Arrow 2 inventory of 85 units faces depletion in approximately 56 days.
Iran holds a 4:1 inventory advantage in this matchup.

Tactical Engagement

The Arrow 2 engages the Ghadr-110 during the flight phase. With 2000km range, the Ghadr-110 can be launched from deep within Iranian territory, complicating launch detection. Combat-proven vs MRBMs.
The Arrow 2 is designed to counter threats like the Ghadr-110, but sustained engagement at 3.5:1 cost ratios creates long-term sustainability challenges.

Scenario Analysis

Mass salvo of Ghadr-110 missiles

In a saturation attack using Ghadr-110 systems, the Arrow 2 battery would need to engage multiple targets simultaneously. At $3.0M per interceptor, a salvo of 3 Ghadr-110 missiles would cost $2.5M to launch but $9.0M to intercept.
Ghadr-110

Extended conflict (30+ days)

Over 30 days of sustained combat, the Arrow 2 inventory faces significant depletion pressure. Annual production of 25 units translates to just 0.1 per day — far below consumption rates during active operations. Meanwhile, Iran produces approximately 3.3 ballistic missiles and 6.7 drones per day.
Attacker (Iran) — production outpaces defender replenishment

Complementary Use

The Arrow 2 should be integrated into a layered defense architecture, not relied upon as a standalone solution against Ghadr-110 threats. Cost-effective lower-tier systems (Iron Dome at $80K, or Iron Beam laser at $2/shot) should handle cheaper threats when possible, preserving expensive Arrow 2 interceptors for high-value targets.

Overall Verdict

The Arrow 2 vs Ghadr-110 matchup produces a 3.5:1 cost-exchange ratio favoring the attacker. For sustained conflict planning, interceptor production ramp-up and cost-reduction programs are critical to maintaining defensive capability.

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Topics

Iron Dome vs Ghadr-110 Arrow 2 vs Shahab-3 Arrow 3 vs Ghadr-110 Arrow 2 vs Emad Arrow 2 vs Fateh-110 Arrow 2 vs Fattah-2

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