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Arrow 3 vs Ghadr-110: Cost-Exchange Ratio & Combat Analysis

Compare 2026-03-21 3 min read

Overview

This analysis compares the Arrow 3, a Israel Exo-atmo BMD system costing $3.0M per unit, against the Ghadr-110, an Iranian Extended Shahab costing $850K per unit. The cost-exchange ratio of 3.5:1 favors the attacker — meaning it costs the defender 3.5x more to intercept than the missile cost Iran to produce. At Operation Epic Fury burn rates of 4/day, the Arrow 3 inventory of 65 units faces depletion in approximately 16 days. Exo-atmospheric interceptor — Israel's upper-tier BMD against long-range ballistic missiles Extended-range Shahab-3 derivative with improved guidance, 2,000km range

Side-by-Side Specifications

DimensionArrow 3Ghadr 110
Unit Cost $3.0M $850K
Cost-Exchange Ratio 3.5:1 3.5:1
Range Exo-atmo BMD 2000 km
Inventory ~65 ~300
Annual Production 30/yr
Role Exo-atmo BMD Extended Shahab
Manufacturer IAI + Boeing Iran / IRGC
Fuel Solid rocket

Head-to-Head Analysis

Cost-Exchange Economics

The Arrow 3 costs $3.0M per unit while the Ghadr-110 costs just $850K, creating a 3.5:1 cost-exchange ratio. Unfavorable for the defender. The attacker has significant cost advantage.
The Ghadr-110 has a 3.5:1 cost advantage over the Arrow 3. This asymmetry is a key factor in the conflict's economic sustainability.

Inventory & Depletion

Coalition forces have approximately 65 Arrow 3 interceptors with annual production of 30 units. Iran maintains an estimated 300 Ghadr-110 units. At Operation Epic Fury burn rates of 4/day, the Arrow 3 inventory of 65 units faces depletion in approximately 16 days.
Iran holds a 5:1 inventory advantage in this matchup.

Tactical Engagement

The Arrow 3 engages the Ghadr-110 during the midcourse phase. With 2000km range, the Ghadr-110 can be launched from deep within Iranian territory, complicating launch detection. "Running low" WSJ Jun '25. Tripled prod. $6.5B Germany deal.
The Arrow 3 is designed to counter threats like the Ghadr-110, but sustained engagement at 3.5:1 cost ratios creates long-term sustainability challenges.

Scenario Analysis

Mass salvo of Ghadr-110 missiles

In a saturation attack using Ghadr-110 systems, the Arrow 3 battery would need to engage multiple targets simultaneously. At $3.0M per interceptor, a salvo of 3 Ghadr-110 missiles would cost $2.5M to launch but $9.0M to intercept.
Ghadr-110

Extended conflict (30+ days)

Over 30 days of sustained combat, the Arrow 3 inventory faces significant depletion pressure. Annual production of 30 units translates to just 0.1 per day — far below consumption rates during active operations. Meanwhile, Iran produces approximately 3.3 ballistic missiles and 6.7 drones per day.
Attacker (Iran) — production outpaces defender replenishment

Complementary Use

The Arrow 3 should be integrated into a layered defense architecture, not relied upon as a standalone solution against Ghadr-110 threats. Cost-effective lower-tier systems (Iron Dome at $80K, or Iron Beam laser at $2/shot) should handle cheaper threats when possible, preserving expensive Arrow 3 interceptors for high-value targets.

Overall Verdict

The Arrow 3 vs Ghadr-110 matchup produces a 3.5:1 cost-exchange ratio favoring the attacker. For sustained conflict planning, interceptor production ramp-up and cost-reduction programs are critical to maintaining defensive capability.

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Topics

Iron Dome vs Ghadr-110 Arrow 2 vs Ghadr-110 SM-3 Block IIA vs Ghadr-110 Arrow 3 vs Emad Arrow 3 vs Fateh-110 Arrow 3 vs Fattah-2

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