English · العربية · فارسی · עברית · Русский · 中文 · Español · Français

Arrow-3 vs Sayyad-4B: Side-by-Side Comparison & Analysis

Compare 2026-03-21 6 min read

Overview

This comparison aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B missile defense systems, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses in various scenarios. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of these systems is crucial for defense planners to make informed decisions about which system to choose for specific scenarios.

Side-by-Side Specifications

DimensionArrow 3Sayyad 4b
Type Exoatmospheric kinetic kill vehicle interceptor Long-range SAM missile for Bavar-373 system
Origin Israel (IAI/Boeing joint development) Iran
Operators Israel Iran
Range (km) 2400 300
Speed Mach 9+ Mach 6+
Guidance Two-color infrared seeker with mid-course datalink updates from Green Pine radar Active radar seeker (claimed)
Warhead Hit-to-kill kinetic energy (no explosive warhead) Blast fragmentation
First Deployed 2017 2023
Unit Cost (USD) ~$3M per interceptor Unknown
Significance Only operational exoatmospheric interceptor outside US SM-3. Intercepts ballistic missiles in space before reentry, providing widest defensive footprint of any Israeli system. The missile component of Iran's Bavar-373 system. Iran claims it has active radar guidance (like SM-6/S-400 missiles) and can engage targets at 300km range. If claims are true, it would represent a significant capability jump for Iranian air defense.

Head-to-Head Analysis

Range & Coverage

The Arrow-3 has a significantly longer range than the Sayyad-4B, with a range of 2400 km compared to the Sayyad-4B's 300 km. This gives the Arrow-3 a much wider coverage area and the ability to engage targets at much greater distances. However, the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker allows it to engage targets at longer ranges than the Arrow-3's two-color infrared seeker.
The Arrow-3 has a significant advantage in terms of range and coverage, making it a better choice for defending against long-range ballistic missile threats.

Accuracy

The Arrow-3 has a high accuracy rate, with a reported success rate of over 90%. The Sayyad-4B's accuracy is unknown, but its active radar seeker suggests that it may have a higher accuracy rate than the Arrow-3. However, the Sayyad-4B's limited production and lack of combat experience make it difficult to determine its actual accuracy.
The Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker gives it an advantage in terms of accuracy, but its limited production and lack of combat experience make it difficult to determine its actual accuracy.

Cost

The Arrow-3 has a significantly higher unit cost than the Sayyad-4B, with a reported cost of around $3 million per interceptor. The Sayyad-4B's cost is unknown, but its indigenous production and lower range suggest that it may be less expensive than the Arrow-3.
The Sayyad-4B's lower cost and indigenous production make it a more attractive option for countries with limited defense budgets.

Speed

The Arrow-3 has a significantly higher speed than the Sayyad-4B, with a reported speed of Mach 9+. The Sayyad-4B's speed is unknown, but its active radar seeker suggests that it may have a higher speed than the Arrow-3.
The Arrow-3's higher speed gives it an advantage in terms of engagement time, making it a better choice for defending against high-speed ballistic missile threats.

Guidance

The Arrow-3's two-color infrared seeker is less advanced than the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker, which allows it to engage targets at longer ranges. However, the Arrow-3's mid-course datalink updates from the Green Pine radar give it an advantage in terms of accuracy and engagement time.
The Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker gives it an advantage in terms of guidance, but the Arrow-3's mid-course datalink updates give it an advantage in terms of accuracy and engagement time.

Scenario Analysis

Defending against Iranian ballistic missile salvo

In this scenario, the Arrow-3's longer range and higher speed give it an advantage in terms of engagement time and accuracy. The Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker allows it to engage targets at longer ranges, but its limited production and lack of combat experience make it difficult to determine its actual effectiveness.
Arrow-3

Defending against short-range ballistic missile threats

In this scenario, the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker gives it an advantage in terms of guidance and accuracy. The Arrow-3's two-color infrared seeker is less advanced, but its mid-course datalink updates give it an advantage in terms of engagement time.
Sayyad-4B

Defending against cruise missile threats

In this scenario, the Arrow-3's higher speed and longer range give it an advantage in terms of engagement time and accuracy. The Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker allows it to engage targets at longer ranges, but its limited production and lack of combat experience make it difficult to determine its actual effectiveness.
Arrow-3

Complementary Use

The Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems can be used in complementary ways to provide a layered defense against ballistic missile threats. The Arrow-3 can be used to engage targets at long range, while the Sayyad-4B can be used to engage targets at shorter ranges. This can provide a more effective defense against a wide range of ballistic missile threats.

Overall Verdict

The Arrow-3 is a more effective system than the Sayyad-4B in terms of range, speed, and accuracy. However, the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker and indigenous production make it a more attractive option for countries with limited defense budgets. Ultimately, the choice between the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B will depend on the specific needs and requirements of the country or organization.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main difference between the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems?

The main difference between the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems is their range and guidance systems. The Arrow-3 has a longer range and uses a two-color infrared seeker, while the Sayyad-4B has a shorter range and uses an active radar seeker.

Which system is more effective against ballistic missile threats?

The Arrow-3 is more effective against ballistic missile threats due to its longer range and higher speed. However, the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker and indigenous production make it a more attractive option for countries with limited defense budgets.

Can the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems be used together?

Yes, the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems can be used together to provide a layered defense against ballistic missile threats. The Arrow-3 can be used to engage targets at long range, while the Sayyad-4B can be used to engage targets at shorter ranges.

What is the cost of the Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B systems?

The cost of the Arrow-3 system is around $3 million per interceptor, while the cost of the Sayyad-4B system is unknown.

Which system has a higher accuracy rate?

The Arrow-3 has a higher accuracy rate than the Sayyad-4B, with a reported success rate of over 90%. However, the Sayyad-4B's active radar seeker suggests that it may have a higher accuracy rate than the Arrow-3.

Related

Sources

Arrow-3 System Overview IAI official
Sayyad-4B System Overview IRGC official
Comparison of Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B Systems Jane's Defence Weekly journalistic
Analysis of Arrow-3 and Sayyad-4B Systems Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance academic

Related News & Analysis