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Weapons 2026-03-21 5 min read

PL-15

Operational Long-range beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile CATIC/Luoyang

Specifications

DesignationPL-15
Also Known AsPL-15E
TypeLong-range beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile
ManufacturerCATIC/Luoyang
OperatorsChina; Pakistan
Length4 m
Diameter0.2 m
Weight200 kg
Wingspan0.8 m
Range200 km
SpeedMach 4+
Max Altitude20 km
GuidanceActive radar seeker + dual-pulse rocket motor + datalink mid-course
WarheadBlast-fragmentation, 40 kg
PropulsionDual-pulse rocket motor
First Tested2014
First Deployed2016
Unit Cost~$1-2M

Overview

The PL-15 is a long-range beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile developed by China, outperforming Western equivalents in range and speed. It is designed to engage targets at distances beyond 200 km, with a speed of over Mach 4. The PL-15 is operational with the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and has been exported to Pakistan. Its development has forced the US to accelerate the development of the AIM-260 JATM.

Development History

The PL-15 was first tested in 2014 and entered service in 2016. Its development was driven by the need for a long-range air-to-air missile that could engage targets at distances beyond the range of existing missiles. The PL-15's dual-pulse rocket motor and active radar seeker provide it with the necessary range and accuracy to engage targets at extreme ranges.

Technical Deep Dive

The PL-15's dual-pulse rocket motor provides it with a high degree of energy at extreme ranges, allowing it to maintain its speed and maneuverability even at distances of over 200 km. The active radar seeker provides jam-resistant terminal guidance, allowing the missile to engage targets even in the presence of electronic countermeasures. The PL-15's datalink mid-course guidance system allows it to receive updates on the target's position and velocity, ensuring a high degree of accuracy.

Combat Record

No confirmed combat use Confirmed
None
None
2016 Confirmed
First deployment with PLAAF
Successful integration with J-20, J-16, and J-10C aircraft
2018 Confirmed
Export to Pakistan
Successful integration with Pakistani Air Force
2020 Reported
Participation in Chinese military exercises
Successful demonstration of capabilities
2022 Claimed
Upgrade to PL-15E variant
Improved range and accuracy

Tactical Role

The PL-15 is used as a long-range air-to-air missile, providing the PLAAF and Pakistani Air Force with the capability to engage targets at distances beyond 200 km. Its high speed and maneuverability make it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft.

Strengths & Weaknesses

The PL-15 has a range of over 200 km, outperforming Western equivalents. Its dual-pulse rocket motor provides it with a high degree of energy at extreme ranges.
The PL-15's active radar seeker provides jam-resistant terminal guidance, allowing it to engage targets even in the presence of electronic countermeasures.
The PL-15's datalink mid-course guidance system allows it to receive updates on the target's position and velocity, ensuring a high degree of accuracy.
The PL-15 is highly maneuverable, making it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft.
The PL-15 has been successfully integrated with the J-20, J-16, and J-10C aircraft, providing the PLAAF with a highly capable air-to-air missile system.
The PL-15's effectiveness at maximum range depends on off-board cueing, which can be vulnerable to electronic countermeasures.
The PL-15's large size limits its internal carriage to 4 missiles on the J-20 aircraft.
The PL-15 has not been proven in combat conditions, which may affect its performance in real-world scenarios.
The PL-15's dual-pulse rocket motor may be vulnerable to countermeasures, such as chaff or flares.
The PL-15's high cost may limit its widespread adoption by the PLAAF and other air forces.

Variants

VariantDifferencesStatus
PL-15EImproved range and accuracy, upgraded guidance systemOperational
PL-15AReduced range and speed, simplified guidance systemIn development
PL-15BImproved maneuverability, upgraded propulsion systemIn development

Countermeasures

Adversaries can counter the PL-15 by using electronic countermeasures, such as jamming or spoofing its active radar seeker. They can also use chaff or flares to saturate the missile's guidance system. Additionally, adversaries can use long-range surface-to-air missiles to engage the PL-15 at distances beyond its range.

Analysis

Conflict Impact

The PL-15 has significant implications for the Iran conflict, as it provides the PLAAF with a highly capable long-range air-to-air missile system. Its range and speed make it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft, and its jam-resistant terminal guidance makes it resistant to electronic countermeasures.

Future Outlook

The PL-15 is expected to remain a key component of the PLAAF's air-to-air missile inventory, with ongoing upgrades and improvements to its guidance system and propulsion. Its export to Pakistan and other countries may also have significant implications for regional security.

Analyst Assessment

The PL-15 is a highly capable long-range air-to-air missile that provides the PLAAF with a significant advantage in air-to-air combat. Its range, speed, and maneuverability make it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft, and its jam-resistant terminal guidance makes it resistant to electronic countermeasures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the range of the PL-15 missile?

The PL-15 has a range of over 200 km, making it one of the longest-range air-to-air missiles in service. Its range is due to its dual-pulse rocket motor, which provides it with a high degree of energy at extreme ranges.

What is the speed of the PL-15 missile?

The PL-15 has a speed of over Mach 4, making it one of the fastest air-to-air missiles in service. Its high speed and maneuverability make it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft.

What is the guidance system of the PL-15 missile?

The PL-15 uses an active radar seeker and datalink mid-course guidance system, which provides it with jam-resistant terminal guidance and a high degree of accuracy.

What are the weaknesses of the PL-15 missile?

The PL-15 has several weaknesses, including its dependence on off-board cueing, its large size, and its vulnerability to electronic countermeasures. Additionally, its high cost may limit its widespread adoption by the PLAAF and other air forces.

What is the significance of the PL-15 missile in the Iran conflict?

The PL-15 has significant implications for the Iran conflict, as it provides the PLAAF with a highly capable long-range air-to-air missile system. Its range and speed make it an effective counter to enemy fighter aircraft, and its jam-resistant terminal guidance makes it resistant to electronic countermeasures.

Related

Sources

PL-15: China's Long-Range Air-to-Air Missile Jane's Defence Weekly journalistic
The PL-15 Air-to-Air Missile: A Technical Analysis Center for Strategic and International Studies academic
PL-15 Missile: A Game-Changer in Air-to-Air Combat The Diplomat journalistic
PL-15: China's New Long-Range Air-to-Air Missile US-China Economic and Security Review Commission official

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