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Weapons 2026-03-21 7 min read

Su-35S

Operational 4++ generation air superiority fighter Sukhoi

Specifications

DesignationSu-35S
Also Known AsFlanker-E, Super Flanker
Type4++ generation air superiority fighter
ManufacturerSukhoi
OperatorsRussia; China; Egypt; Iran (ordered)
Length21.9 m
Weight19000 kg
Wingspan15.3 m
Range3600 km
SpeedMach 2.25
Max Altitude18 km
GuidanceIrbis-E passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radar with a detection range of up to 400 km, supplemented by infrared search and track (IRST) system.
WarheadUp to 8,000 kg of ordnance on 12 external hardpoints, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-surface missiles, guided bombs, and unguided rockets.
PropulsionTwo Saturn AL-41F1S turbofan engines with thrust vectoring nozzles.
First Deployed2014
Unit Cost$85 million

Overview

The Su-35S Flanker-E is Russia's most advanced non-stealth air superiority fighter, representing a significant upgrade over previous Flanker variants. It is characterized by its advanced avionics, powerful radar, thrust-vectoring engines, and heavy payload capacity. Its potential acquisition by Iran is a major concern for regional powers, as it would significantly enhance Iran's air defense and offensive capabilities. The Su-35S is a formidable opponent for most Western fighters, except for dedicated stealth platforms like the F-22 and F-35. Its introduction into the Coalition vs Iran Axis conflict would likely shift the balance of power in the air.

Development History

The Su-35S is a heavily upgraded derivative of the Su-27 Flanker, initially conceived as the Su-27M in the 1980s. Development stalled after the collapse of the Soviet Union but was revived in the early 2000s as a stopgap measure while Russia developed the Su-57 stealth fighter. The first Su-35S prototype flew in 2008, and the aircraft entered service with the Russian Air Force in 2014. Key improvements over the Su-27 include a strengthened airframe, more powerful engines, advanced avionics, and a wider range of weapons. The Su-35S has been continuously upgraded since its introduction, with new software and hardware enhancements being added regularly.

Technical Deep Dive

The Su-35S's core is the Irbis-E PESA radar, capable of detecting targets at ranges up to 400 km and tracking up to 30 targets simultaneously. The radar can engage both air and ground targets. The aircraft also features an OLS-35 infrared search and track (IRST) system for passive target detection. The Su-35S is powered by two Saturn AL-41F1S turbofan engines, producing 142 kN of thrust each. These engines incorporate thrust-vectoring nozzles, allowing for exceptional maneuverability at all speeds. The aircraft's fly-by-wire control system further enhances its agility. The Su-35S has 12 hardpoints for carrying a wide range of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons, including the R-77, R-27, Kh-31, and Kh-59 missiles. The cockpit features two large multi-function displays (MFDs) and a wide-angle head-up display (HUD).

Combat Record

2016-Present confirmed
Russian Air Force deployment in Syria
The Su-35S has been used extensively in Syria for air superiority and ground attack missions. It has provided air cover for Russian and Syrian forces and has been used to strike ISIS and other rebel targets. Its presence has significantly enhanced Russia's air power in the region.
April 3, 2022 reported
Reported downing of a Su-35S by Ukrainian forces
Ukrainian sources claimed to have shot down a Russian Su-35S using air defenses. The claim is difficult to verify independently, but several reports suggest losses of Su-35S aircraft in the conflict.
Ongoing (Ukraine War) reported
Use in air-to-air and air-to-ground roles in Ukraine
The Su-35S has been used by Russia in the war in Ukraine, performing both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. It has faced challenges from Ukrainian air defenses and fighter aircraft, resulting in some losses.

Tactical Role

The Su-35S is primarily designed for air superiority, tasked with achieving and maintaining control of the airspace. Its long range, powerful radar, and advanced air-to-air missiles make it a formidable opponent for enemy fighters. It can also be used for ground attack missions, carrying a variety of bombs and missiles. In the context of the Coalition vs Iran Axis conflict, the Su-35S would be used to defend Iranian airspace from Coalition aircraft and to project Iranian air power into the region. It would likely be paired with other Iranian air defense systems to create a layered defense.

Strengths & Weaknesses

Extreme maneuverability due to thrust vectoring engines allows the Su-35S to perform complex aerial maneuvers, giving it an edge in close-range dogfights. This capability makes it difficult for enemy fighters to target and engage.
The powerful Irbis-E radar can detect targets at long ranges, providing early warning of approaching threats. This allows the Su-35S to engage enemy aircraft before they can get within weapons range.
The Su-35S has 12 hardpoints, allowing it to carry a large and diverse weapons load. This enables it to engage a wide range of targets, from enemy fighters to ground vehicles.
The Su-35S is supercruise capable, meaning it can sustain supersonic speeds without using afterburners. This gives it a speed advantage over many other fighters and allows it to intercept targets quickly.
Advanced electronic warfare (EW) suite provides protection against enemy radar and electronic countermeasures. This enhances its survivability in contested airspace.
The Su-35S is not a stealth aircraft and has a large radar cross-section, making it easier to detect by enemy radar systems. This limits its ability to operate in heavily defended airspace.
The Su-35S is an expensive aircraft to maintain, requiring specialized equipment and trained personnel. This can strain the resources of smaller air forces.
While advanced, the Su-35S is outclassed by 5th generation fighters like the F-22 and F-35 in terms of stealth, sensor fusion, and overall situational awareness. This puts it at a disadvantage in a direct confrontation.
Russian avionics are generally considered to be less reliable than Western systems, potentially leading to higher maintenance requirements and lower operational availability. This can impact its effectiveness in sustained combat operations.
Reliance on Russian supply chains for spare parts and maintenance could be a vulnerability for operators, especially in the event of sanctions or political tensions. This could limit the aircraft's long-term operational capability.

Variants

VariantDifferencesStatus
Su-35UBTwo-seat trainer version of the Su-35. Never entered production.Prototype
Su-35BMInitial modernized version, served as the basis for the Su-35S. Featured improved avionics and engines.Prototype

Countermeasures

Adversaries can employ a range of countermeasures against the Su-35S. Stealth aircraft like the F-35 can exploit its large radar cross-section to engage it from beyond visual range. Electronic warfare systems can be used to jam its radar and disrupt its communications. Ground-based air defenses, such as advanced surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems, can pose a significant threat, especially if the Su-35S is operating in a predictable manner. Employing decoys and chaff/flare dispensers can also help to reduce the effectiveness of enemy missiles. Training pilots to employ evasive maneuvers and tactics is crucial for survival in a contested environment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Su-35S Flanker-E?

The Su-35S Flanker-E is a Russian-made 4++ generation air superiority fighter. It's known for its advanced avionics, powerful radar, thrust-vectoring engines, and heavy payload capacity, making it one of Russia's most capable non-stealth combat aircraft.

How does the Su-35 compare to the F-35?

The Su-35 excels in maneuverability and weapons load, while the F-35 prioritizes stealth and sensor fusion. The Su-35 is a formidable opponent in a dogfight, but the F-35's stealth capabilities allow it to engage the Su-35 from beyond visual range in many scenarios.

What countries operate the Su-35?

Currently, the Su-35 is operated by Russia, China, and Egypt. Iran has also ordered the Su-35 and is expected to receive deliveries in the near future. Indonesia previously had a contract for Su-35s, but it was cancelled.

What are the Su-35's strengths and weaknesses?

The Su-35's strengths include its extreme maneuverability, powerful radar, and heavy weapons load. Its weaknesses include its lack of stealth, high maintenance costs, and vulnerability to advanced air defense systems and 5th generation fighters.

Why is Iran buying the Su-35?

Iran's acquisition of the Su-35 is intended to modernize its aging air force and enhance its air defense capabilities. The Su-35 would provide Iran with a significant upgrade in air power, allowing it to better protect its airspace and project power in the region.

Related

Sources

Su-35 Multirole Fighter Sukhoi Company official
The Sukhoi Su-35: Russia's 4++ Generation Air Superiority Fighter Air Power Australia academic
Iran Finalizes Deal to Buy Russian Su-35 Fighter Jets Reuters journalistic
Analysis of the Su-35S Flanker-E Capabilities Jane's Defence Weekly journalistic

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