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Weapons 2026-03-21 5 min read

YJ-18

Operational Anti-ship cruise missile with supersonic terminal sprint China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC)

Specifications

DesignationYJ-18
Also Known AsCH-SS-N-13
TypeAnti-ship cruise missile with supersonic terminal sprint
ManufacturerChina Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC)
OperatorsChina
Length6 m
Diameter0.5 m
Weight1500 kg
Wingspan1.2 m
Range540 km
SpeedMach 0.8 cruise / Mach 3.0 terminal sprint
Max Altitude10 km
GuidanceInertial + active radar seeker terminal
Warhead300kg semi-armour-piercing
PropulsionSolid-fuel rocket motor
First Tested2010
First Deployed2015
Unit Cost~$2-3M

Overview

The YJ-18 is a Chinese anti-ship cruise missile with a supersonic terminal sprint, designed to defeat shipborne air defenses. With a range of 540km and a speed of Mach 0.8 during cruise, it can reach its target quickly and accurately. The missile's supersonic terminal sprint at Mach 3 makes it extremely difficult to intercept. The YJ-18 is China's primary ship-launched anti-ship missile and has been deployed on various Chinese warships and submarines.

Development History

The YJ-18 was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) in the 2000s. The missile's development was motivated by the need for a more advanced anti-ship capability to counter the increasing threat of enemy warships. The YJ-18 underwent several tests and trials before its first deployment in 2015. Since then, it has become a key component of China's naval arsenal, with deployments on various warships and submarines, including the Type 052D and Type 055 destroyers, and the Song and Yuan-class submarines.

Technical Deep Dive

The YJ-18 uses a combination of inertial and active radar seeker guidance systems. The inertial system provides initial guidance, while the active radar seeker takes over during the terminal phase, allowing the missile to home in on its target with high accuracy. The missile's supersonic terminal sprint is achieved through a solid-fuel rocket motor, which provides a significant increase in speed during the final stages of flight. The YJ-18's semi-armour-piercing warhead is designed to penetrate the hulls of enemy warships, causing significant damage and potentially sinking the target.

Combat Record

No combat use Confirmed
None
None

Tactical Role

The YJ-18 plays a key role in China's naval doctrine, providing a long-range anti-ship capability that can be used to attack enemy warships at sea. The missile's supersonic terminal sprint makes it particularly effective against ships with advanced air defenses, as it can quickly close the distance and strike the target before it can be intercepted.

Strengths & Weaknesses

The YJ-18's supersonic terminal sprint makes it extremely difficult to intercept, as it can quickly close the distance and strike the target before it can be intercepted.
The missile's long range of 540km allows it to attack enemy warships at a distance, keeping the launch platform beyond the range of enemy air defenses.
The YJ-18's active radar seeker guidance system provides high accuracy and allows the missile to home in on its target with precision.
The missile's semi-armour-piercing warhead is designed to penetrate the hulls of enemy warships, causing significant damage and potentially sinking the target.
The YJ-18 can be launched from various platforms, including warships and submarines, making it a versatile and flexible weapon system.
The YJ-18's supersonic terminal phase has a shorter range than the full flight, which can limit its effectiveness in certain scenarios.
The missile's sea-skimming profile can be limited by sea state, which can affect its accuracy and effectiveness.
The effectiveness of the YJ-18's electronic countermeasures is unknown, which can make it vulnerable to enemy electronic warfare capabilities.
The YJ-18's high speed and maneuverability can make it difficult to intercept, but it can also make it more challenging to control and guide the missile.
The missile's limited number of deployments and lack of combat experience can make it difficult to assess its true effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

Variants

VariantDifferencesStatus
YJ-18AThe YJ-18A is an upgraded version of the YJ-18, with improved guidance and propulsion systems.In development
YJ-18BThe YJ-18B is a variant of the YJ-18 with a longer range and improved warhead design.In development
N/ANo other variants existN/A
N/ANo other variants existN/A

Countermeasures

The YJ-18's supersonic terminal sprint and active radar seeker guidance system make it difficult to intercept. However, enemy warships can use electronic countermeasures to disrupt the missile's guidance system, or use point-defense systems to intercept the missile during its terminal phase. Additionally, enemy warships can use decoys or chaff to saturate the missile's radar seeker and reduce its accuracy.

Analysis

Conflict Impact

The YJ-18 has significant implications for the Iran conflict, as it provides China with a long-range anti-ship capability that can be used to attack enemy warships at sea. The missile's supersonic terminal sprint and active radar seeker guidance system make it a formidable weapon system that can be used to counter enemy naval superiority.

Future Outlook

The YJ-18 is expected to remain a key component of China's naval arsenal in the future, with ongoing development and upgrades to improve its guidance and propulsion systems. The missile's effectiveness in real-world scenarios will depend on various factors, including the effectiveness of enemy countermeasures and the ability of Chinese warships to launch and guide the missile.

Analyst Assessment

The YJ-18 is a highly capable anti-ship missile that provides China with a significant advantage in naval warfare. Its supersonic terminal sprint and active radar seeker guidance system make it a formidable weapon system that can be used to counter enemy naval superiority.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the range of the YJ-18 anti-ship missile?

The YJ-18 has a range of 540km, making it a long-range anti-ship capability that can be used to attack enemy warships at sea.

What is the speed of the YJ-18 anti-ship missile?

The YJ-18 has a cruise speed of Mach 0.8 and a terminal sprint speed of Mach 3, making it a highly maneuverable and difficult-to-intercept missile.

What is the guidance system of the YJ-18 anti-ship missile?

The YJ-18 uses a combination of inertial and active radar seeker guidance systems, providing high accuracy and allowing the missile to home in on its target with precision.

What is the warhead of the YJ-18 anti-ship missile?

The YJ-18 has a 300kg semi-armour-piercing warhead, designed to penetrate the hulls of enemy warships and cause significant damage.

What are the weaknesses of the YJ-18 anti-ship missile?

The YJ-18 has several weaknesses, including its limited range during the supersonic terminal phase, its vulnerability to electronic countermeasures, and its limited number of deployments and lack of combat experience.

Related

Sources

China's Anti-Ship Ballistic Missiles US Naval Institute academic
YJ-18 Anti-Ship Cruise Missile GlobalSecurity.org journalistic
China's Naval Modernization US Congressional Research Service official
The YJ-18 Anti-Ship Missile The Diplomat journalistic

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